by Abel Kangnidé, Denis Akpovo and Callinice D. Capo-Chichi
Case Report
Background: Embryonic health assessment prior to delivery is not a priority in Africa due to the lack of efficient platforms for biomarker screening of defective heart or metabolic syndromes. Beside genetic mutations, some environmental, nutritional, or epigenetic events can induce abnormal protein expression impacting embryonic heart and gut developments. Among these proteins is the retinoic acid (vitamin A) inducible GATA6 which acts as transcription factor targeting the promoter of gene stimulated during placenta, embryonic heart and gut lineage specification. The objective of this study is to investigate GATA6 expression profile in placenta cells, to determine the impact of its abnormal expression on the newborn survival. Methods: Ethical approval of CER-ISBA) was obtained prior to placenta sample collection in the hospital obstetric service. Micro-fragments of placenta tissues (n=80) were collected after delivery and lysed for GATA6 analysis with immunoblot (western blot) method. Results: We observed two isoforms of GATA6 (long L and short S isoforms). All placenta lysates of living newborn expressed the type S isoform of GATA6 (n=76). In all 80 samples there is variable expression frequency for the type L isoform of GATA6. Normal expression of Type L isoform of GATA6 was observed in 63.8% of the samples; overexpression was observed in 7.5% of the samples; low expression was in 20% of them and totally lost in 8.7% of the samples. Retrospective analysis of 6 stillborn infant charts, linked 4 of them to deficient placental GATA6. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggested that GATA6 could be used as biomarker for embryonic and newborn survival prognostic as well as for the postnatal screening of the risk to develop congenital heart diseases and metabolic syndromes during lifespan.
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2020, 8(1), 17-23. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-8-1-3
Pub. Date: November 12, 2020
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by Adel Bouguezzi, Aymen Debibi, Abdellatif Chokri, Sameh Sioud, Hajer Hentati and Jemil Selmi
Review Article
Guided bone regeneration (GBR), a method which originates from guided tissue regeneration (GTR), is based on a concept of dividing bone from soft tissue, preventing apical migration of the gingival epithelial and connective tissue inside the defect with a membrane as a barrier which favorites proliferation of regeneration potent cells and their differentiation in the desired tissue type. Depending on the reaction to their biological surroundings, membranes can be grouped as non-resorbable and resorbable. Due to biological degradation, resorbable membranes induce tissue response, which may negatively impact wound healing and disturb regeneration. The aim of this study is to provide a review on the performance and the main outcomes of two different types of collagen membranes (Native Vs cross linked) used in conjunction with GBR in order to gain awareness of the limits and to be able to choose the right membrane required by the clinical condition.
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2020, 8(1), 12-16. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-8-1-2
Pub. Date: July 02, 2020
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by Issah A.O, Azeez I.A, Boyejo A.O, Owolabi S.L, Buhari O.A and Ikeola M.F
Original Research
Despite the wide availability of clinically useful antibiotics and semi-synthetic analogues, a continuing search for new anti-infective agents remains indispensable, therefore this study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants against bacterial isolates. The seeds, leaves and stem bark of some plants with medicinal claims were purchased from Itoku market, Abeokuta. The plant parts were grinded using an electric miller. The crude extract of the plants were prepared by cold maceration and were tested for antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method. Those plants with activities were further extracted with N-hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Butanol, Ethanol, Methanol and Water using continuous cold extraction technique with aid of separating funnel. Susceptibility testing of the extract obtained was performed using agar well diffusion and broth macro dilution techniques. Bactericidal effect and mode of action of the extracts were performed using Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and time kill test technique. Phytochemistry was performed according to standard chemical techniques. Out of the twelve different medicinal plants screened, Terminalia avicenniodes and Magnifera indica possess antibacterial potentials. Methanol extract of Terminalia avicenniodes bark had the highest percentage yield of 17.8% while the ethanol extract of Magnifera indica leaves has the least percentage yield of 3.6 %. Susceptibility test revealed that the ethanol extract of the Magnifera indica leave against Escherichia coli ATCC 29929 has the widest Diameter Zone of Inhibition (DZI) (23.333±2.887), while the methanol extract of Magnifera indica leaves have no antibacterial effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4252. The methanol extract of the leaves of Magnifera indica against Escherichia coli ATCC 29929 and the methanol extract of the leaves of Terminalia avicennoides against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4252 and Shigella dysentariae have the highest MIC (12.500±0.000) while the ethanol extract of the leave and methanol extract of the leaves and stem bark of Terminalia avicennoides against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29293(3.125±0.000) has the lowest MIC. There was no significant difference in the MBC of all the extracts. The stem bark and leaves of the plants contains tannin, phytosterol, phenol, diterpenes, proteins and amino acid, reducing sugar and non reducing carbohydrate. The time kill test revealed that the methanol extract of the Magnifera indica leaves and the ethanol extract of Terminalia avicenniodes killed Escherichia coli ATCC 29929 within 60 mins, while most of the plant extracts killed klebsiella pneumoniae within 20hrs. In conclusion, Terminalia avicennoides and Magnifera indica have strong inhibitory activity against the bacteria isolates, and can be studied further for the Chemotherapeutic drug production.
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2020, 8(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-8-1-1
Pub. Date: May 24, 2020
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