by Md. Ershad Hossain, Mohi Uddin, S. Kumar Shil, M. H. B. kabir, M. Showkat Mahmud and Kh. Nurul Islam
Original Research
Fresh skin samples of the native cattle (Bos indicus) of 6 male and 6 female were collected from ten regions of the body immediately after slaughtering aimed to know the regional and sex variation of skin components. The skin samples were fixed, processed and stained according to the standard histological procedure. The samples of vertical sections were stained by both Hematoxylin & Eosin stain and Van Geison & Verhoff’s stain. Transparent sheet and ocular micrometer was used for histomorphometric study. Histomorphometrical study of the skin revealed that the mean thicknesses of epidermis, papillary layer, reticular layer and total skin were 45.37 ± 0.59 µm, 0.55 ± 0.01 mm, 3.03 ± 0.09 mm and 3.57 ± 0.09 mm respectively. These thicknesses were significantly (P<0.05) varied among the body regions. The highest thicknesses for epidermis and papillary layer were found in back and ventral abdomen respectively and the lowest thicknesses in thigh and neck & shoulder respectively whereas the highest thicknesses for reticular layer and total skin were found in head and the lowest thicknesses in shoulder. The mean thicknesses of the epidermis, reticular layer and total skin were significantly (P<0.05)) higher in male than the female. The mean papillary layer thickness was insignificantly (P<0.05) higher in female than the male. The mean density of collagen fibre bundle, elastic fibre bundle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland and hair follicle per mm² were 302.93 ± 9.07, 4.96 ± 0.17, 4.22 ± 0.13, 4.57 ± 0.14 and 37.25 ± 1.77 respectively. The density of collagen and elastic fibre bundle were significantly (P<0.05) varied among the body regions. The highest density of collagen bundle was found in ventral abdomen and lowest density in thigh and the highest elastic bundle density in thigh and lowest in back & ventral abdomen. The density of collagen fibre, hair follicle and sebaceous gland were significantly higher (P<0.05) in male than the female. The density of sebaceous gland was significantly (P<0.05) highest in head and lowest in lateral abdomen. The density of sweat gland was insignificantly (P>0.05) highest in neck & shoulder and lowest in loin. The density of hair follicle was significantly (P<0.05) highest in back and lowest in ventral abdomen. In conclusion, male skin may be better than the female skin for the quality leather production. Collagen bundle is more compact in ventral abdomen that regions may be better for quality leather production, but the percentage of collagen did not revealed in this study.
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016, 4(3), 53-65. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-4-3-3
Pub. Date: September 01, 2016
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by Usenobong F. Ufot, Aniefiok E. Ite, Idorenyin H. Usoh and Monday I. Akpanabiatu
Original Research
This study investigated the steady-state kinetics of engineered wild-type and manganese (II) binding site mutants of recombinant Phlebia radiata manganese peroxidase 3(rPr-MnP3). The effect (activation or inhibition) of some metal ions (Co2+, Zn2+ Cu2+ and Na+) on the activity of rPr-MnP3 enzymes was also studied. The results obtained showed that the rPr-MnP3 mutants in which the metal binding functionality has been largely lost have been created. Na+ (mono-valent ion) and Co2+showed similar characteristics by exhibiting stimulatory effects on the activity of wild-type rPr-MnP3. However, Cu2+ and Zn2+ had mixed inhibitory effects on wild-type and mutants (E40H, E44H, E40H/E44H). It was observed that Cu2+ was by far the strongest inhibitor of engineered rPr-MnP3 enzymes while Co2+ exhibited a non-competitive inhibitory effect on the double mutant (E40H/E44H) and D186H activities. In addition, Zn2+ and Cu2+also had non-competitive inhibitory effect on D186H mutant enzyme activity. The results obtained further showed that the competitive inhibitory effect of Cu2+observed in other rPr-MnP3 enzymes is largely removed in D186H mutant enzyme. Generally, histidine substitution retained a strong selectivity for Cu2+ as competitive inhibitor. Zn2+ being generally non-competitive suggest involvement of sites other than the Mn (II) binding site. This study showed that rPr-MnP3 enzymes function with alternate ligands in the Mn2+ binding site and does not have absolute obligate requirement for all carboxylate ligand set.avodart buy uk
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American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016, 4(3), 42-52. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-4-3-2
Pub. Date: August 06, 2016
21122 Views4547 Downloads
by Bassi AP, Ramyil MCS, Ogundeko TO, Abisoye-Ogunniyan A, Builders M, Thliza SMA, Adeniyi GO, Akande Tunji, Ike RO, Ologun DO, Damai C, Pfongkazah D, Adinoyi OA, Dibigbo-Ibeagi Ndudi Mary and Nwankwo B
Original Research
Background: Occupational poisoning via the use of agrochemicals is common in developing countries. This is because grass-root farmers, who are the majority, are poor, illiterate and are undertrained on ethics surrounding its use. This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in Fadan-Daji (FD) district of Kagoro Chiefdom, Kaura LGA, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Methods: Three villages - Kodwak, Uzha-Tuyit and Zankam were randomly selected in the district. A sample size of 250 farmers was obtained using a p-value of 82%, while the selected farmers completed structured questionnaires. Results: Physical, chemical, biological, mechanical and psychosocial events occurred at the same time in the FD Farming community. Thus, clients present with multiple finding or symptoms. In this study most farmers experienced chest pain/tightness, cough, dizziness, reddening of the eyes; sneezing and rheum more often following the use on their farms. This study further revealed that farmers in the studied communities (31.6%) resorted to self-medication ranging from analgesics, to over the counter antihistamines, whilst 23.6% reported that they ingest milk as antidote. 32.4% did nothing about it while only 12.4% of the respondents visited a health facility. 54.4% of FD farmers used no form of personal protective devices (PPDs). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the root problem faced with the FD like the average farmer of the developing world is lack of relevant education in terms of ethical use and disposal of agrochemicals which has made a significant number of FD farmers more susceptible to the agrochemical side effects resulting from its use. Such a community located in the heart of Nigeria also being a food basket needs prompt attention in terms of improved western/farmer education and health facilities.
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016, 4(3), 33-41. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-4-3-1
Pub. Date: July 12, 2016
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