by Desman Situmorang, Nanan Sekarwana and Eddy Fadlyana
Original Research
Background. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease with high incidence. Although steroids therapy produces a good outcome with remission (80−95%), but the relapse rates are also high (60-90%). Relapsed NS patients experienced a long period treatment and become dependent on steroids, which might cause side effects such as short stature, overweight, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. Some risk factors of relapse are age, late remission, first relapsed ≤6 months after remission, and short initial therapy. Study design. A cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from medical record of patients with frequent and infrequent relapse nephrotic syndrome from January 2010 to December 2014. There were 90 patients which were divided in two groups, 45 frequent relapse and 45 infrequent relapse. Statistical analysis used bivariate and multivariate risk factor. Result. Boys:girls ratio was 4.6:1, with median age is 5 years and 5 month (65 months). From bivariate analysis, the first diagnosis ≤5 years (p<0.001) and time on remission ≤6 month (p<0.001) were the risk factor of frequent relapse. Multivariate analysis showed time on remission ≤6 month (OR 37.113, CI 95% (7.115−193.595)) more significant than the age at diagnosis ≤5 years (OR 8.0 CI 95% (2.402−26.645)) upon frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion. Time on remission ≤6 month and the age at diagnosis of NS ≤5 years were risk factor of frequent relapse in nephrotic syndrome patients.discount prescription drug cards
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American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016, 4(1), 10-12. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-4-1-3
Pub. Date: April 07, 2016
15749 Views5101 Downloads1 Likes
by Reham A. Mariah, Kamal El-din Ahmed, Naglaa Mostafa, Mongi Mohamed Ahmed Ayat, Tayseer Nansour, Manal Mohamed Helmy Nabo and Salah Mohamed El Sayed
Original Research
Sex hormones might be viewed as biomarkers for cardiovascular health status, as well as protective agents against heart diseases. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common disease in humans and has a complex etiology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of CAD with ESR1 PvuII and XbaI gene mutation frequencies and to see if it's important as a genetic risk factor and the susceptibility for CAD in Tanta region, Egypt. By polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP), we determined the frequency of the ESR1 gene polymorphisms in 110 healthy and 100 CAD sample. Results revealed that there were no significant differences between CAD patients and the control group as regard the frequency AA, AG and GG of XbaI genotype. PvuII genotype frequencies were TT, TC and CC with no significant value. Regarding allele frequencies of PvuII and XbaI polymorphism, they were not statistically important. There was no significant difference among all studied subjects regarding sex, age, menopausal status, cardiac complications and lipid profile, but there was highly significant differences regarding the body mass index. In conclusion, estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism Pvu II and XbaI site are not associated with the coronary artery disease.prescription transfer coupon
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American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016, 4(1), 5-9. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-4-1-2
Pub. Date: March 26, 2016
18153 Views5680 Downloads
by Sutyarso, Muhartono and M. Kanedi
Original Research
This study aimed to determine the effects of black pepper fruit extract on serum testosterone status and fertility potential in male subjects. Twenty seven healthy male mice, four months old, weighing between 25-30 g, were used as experimental animals and grouped into three. The first group was given pellets that do not contain black pepper extract as the control. The second and third groups, respectively were treated with pellets containing water extract and ethanolic extract. Pellets given ad libitum every day for 90 days. Serum testosterone measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. Left testis of mice removed, weighed and dissected. Cauda epididymis was separated from testis and squeezed to determine epididymal sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. To determine the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the number of spermatocytes and spermatids, testes were fixed in Bouin solution, processed and cut at a thickness of 5 um, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope at 400x magnification. When compared with control group, male mice treated with fruit extract of black pepper showed significant increase in the serum testosterone level, epididymal sperm concentration, spermatocyte counts, spermatid counts, and the weight of epididymis tubules. As the conclusion, fruit extract of black pepper has a positive effect on androgenic hormone level and fertility potential in male mice.viagra coupons printable
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American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016, 4(1), 1-4. DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-4-1-1
Pub. Date: February 24, 2016
15837 Views4190 Downloads1 Citations