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American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016, 4(3), 33-41
DOI: 10.12691/AJMBR-4-3-1
Original Research

Farmer: Agrochemical Use and Associated Risk Factors in Fadan Daji District of Kaura LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Bassi AP1, Ramyil MCS2, Ogundeko TO3, , Abisoye-Ogunniyan A4, Builders M3, Thliza SMA1, Adeniyi GO5, Akande Tunji6, Ike RO2, Ologun DO7, Damai C7, Pfongkazah D7, Adinoyi OA7, Dibigbo-Ibeagi Ndudi Mary5 and Nwankwo B8

1Department of Community Medicine, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Microbiology, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria

3Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria

4Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA

5Department of Haematology, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria

6Department of Chemical Pathology, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria

7Department of Medicine and Surgery, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria

8Department of Community Medicine, College Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria

Pub. Date: July 12, 2016
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Bassi AP, Ramyil MCS, Ogundeko TO, Abisoye-Ogunniyan A, Builders M, Thliza SMA, Adeniyi GO, Akande Tunji, Ike RO, Ologun DO, Damai C, Pfongkazah D, Adinoyi OA, Dibigbo-Ibeagi Ndudi Mary and Nwankwo B. Farmer: Agrochemical Use and Associated Risk Factors in Fadan Daji District of Kaura LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016; 4(3):33-41. doi: 10.12691/AJMBR-4-3-1

Abstract

Background: Occupational poisoning via the use of agrochemicals is common in developing countries. This is because grass-root farmers, who are the majority, are poor, illiterate and are undertrained on ethics surrounding its use. This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in Fadan-Daji (FD) district of Kagoro Chiefdom, Kaura LGA, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Methods: Three villages - Kodwak, Uzha-Tuyit and Zankam were randomly selected in the district. A sample size of 250 farmers was obtained using a p-value of 82%, while the selected farmers completed structured questionnaires. Results: Physical, chemical, biological, mechanical and psychosocial events occurred at the same time in the FD Farming community. Thus, clients present with multiple finding or symptoms. In this study most farmers experienced chest pain/tightness, cough, dizziness, reddening of the eyes; sneezing and rheum more often following the use on their farms. This study further revealed that farmers in the studied communities (31.6%) resorted to self-medication ranging from analgesics, to over the counter antihistamines, whilst 23.6% reported that they ingest milk as antidote. 32.4% did nothing about it while only 12.4% of the respondents visited a health facility. 54.4% of FD farmers used no form of personal protective devices (PPDs). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the root problem faced with the FD like the average farmer of the developing world is lack of relevant education in terms of ethical use and disposal of agrochemicals which has made a significant number of FD farmers more susceptible to the agrochemical side effects resulting from its use. Such a community located in the heart of Nigeria also being a food basket needs prompt attention in terms of improved western/farmer education and health facilities.

Keywords

agrochemicals, risk factors, farmers, Fadan-Daji, Nigeria

Copyright

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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