Recovery Rate of E.faecalis After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Disinfection of Root Canals: an Ex- Vivo Study

Njwan F. Shehab^1,

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mosul University, Iraq

Cite this paper

Njwan F. Shehab. Recovery Rate of E.faecalis After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Disinfection of Root Canals: an Ex- Vivo Study. American Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2014; 2(1):12-17. doi: 10.12691/AJMBR-2-1-3

Abstract

Aim: This study was carried out to assess the recovery rate of Enterococcus faecalis count after disinfection of the root canals with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Methodology: Freshly extracted 40 human teeth of single straight root canals were prepared to a size 50; these specimens were sterilized and then inoculated with E.faecalis suspension and incubated for 48 hrs. They were randomly allocated to three treatments and one control negative group. The infected root canals underwent laser treatment. Then samples were collected immediately (after irradiation of root canal) and after 7 days of irradiation, after that surviving of bacteria were checked by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). Results: The results indicated that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser was capable of significant reduction of E.faecalis in the infected root canal at all selected output powers 0.75W, 1W and 1.5W as well as there was significant antibacterial differences among these powers. In addition the results showed increased in the number of bacterial colonies in the second microbiological sampling compared with the first microbiological sampling, The bacterial recovery decreased when laser irradiation power increased. The best result for the laser that showing less number of E.faecalis after 7 days of irradiation at 1.5W. Conclusions: This study recognized the disinfection ability of Er,Cr:YSGG laser against the most resistant bacteria that is associated with endodontic infection.

Keywords

Er,Cr:YSGG laser, E. faecalis, recovery of bacteria, endodontics, bacteriology

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Trope M. The vital tooth: Its importance in the study and practice of endodontics. Endodon Topics. 5(1): 1. 2003.
[2]	Card S. J., Sigurdsson A., Orstavik D., and Trope M. “The Effectiveness of Increased Apical Enlargement in Reducing Intracanal Bacteria,” J. Endod. 28, pp. 77r9-783. 2002.
[3]	Siqueira JF, Rocas IN, Alves FR, Silva MG. Bacteria in the apical root canal of teeth with primary apical periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 107(5): 721-726. 2009.
[4]	Ruddle C. Cleaning and shaping the root canal system. In Cohen S, Burns RC, editors. Pathways of the Pulp,ed 8, St Louis, Mosby. 2002.
[5]	Friedman S. Treatment outcome and prognosis of endodontic therapy. In Orstavik D, Pitt-Ford TR, editors: Essential Endodontology. Prevention and Treatment of Apical Periodontitis, London, Blackwell Science Ltd, p 367. 1998.
[6]	Pinheiro ET, Gomes BPFA, Ferraz CCR, Sousa ELR, Teixeira FB, Souza-Filho JF. Microorganisms from canals of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions. Int Endod J. 36: 1-11. 2003.
[7]	Stuart CH, Schwartz SA, Beeson TJ, Owatz CB. Enterococcus faecalis: Its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment. J Endod. 32: 93-98. 2006.
[8]	Fouad AF, Zerella J, Barry J, Spangberg LS. Molecular detection of Enterococcus species in root canals of therapy-resistant endodontic infections. Oral Surg OralMed Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 99: 112-8. 2005.
[9]	Figdor D, Davies JK, Sundqvist G. Starvation survival, growth and recovery of Enterococcus faecalis in human serum. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 18: 234-9. 2003.
[10]	Love LM. Enterococcus faecalis - a mechanism for its role in endodontic failure. Int Endod J. 34:399-405. 2001.
[11]	Love RM, McMillan MD, Park Y, Jenkinson HF. Coinvasion of dentinal tubules by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii depends upon binding specificity of streptococcal antigen I/II adhesion. Infect Immun. 68: 1359-65. 2000.
[12]	Carson KR, Goodell GG, McClanahan SB. Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of six irrigants on primary endodontic pathogens. J Endod 31(6): 471-473. 2005.
[13]	Gordon, W., Atabakhsh, V. A., Meza, F., Doms, A., Nissan, R., Rizoiu, I., and Stevens, R. H. “The Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet Laser with Radial Emitting Tips on Root Canal Dentin Walls Infected with Enterococcus Faecalis,” J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 138(7), 992-1002. 2007.
[14]	Siqueira JF, Magalhaes KM, Rocas IN. Bacterial reduction in infected root canals treated with 2.5% NaOCl as an irrigant and calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol paste as an intracanal dressing. J Endod. 33(6): 667-672. 2007.
[15]	Weiger R, Rosendahl R, Lost C. Influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressings on the prognosis of teeth with endodontically induced periapical lesions. Int Endod J. 33(3): 219-226. 2000.
[16]	Mohammad Asnaashari, Nassimeh Safavi. Disinfection of Contaminated Canals by Different Laser Wavelengths, while Performing Root Canal Therapy. J Lasers Med Sci. 4(1): 8-16. 2013.
[17]	Gutknecht N, van Gogswaardt D, Conrads G, Apel C, Schubert C, Lampert F. Diode laser radiation and its bactericidal effect in root canal wall dentin. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 18(2): 57-60. 2000.
[18]	Hibst R, Keller U. Experimental studies of the application of the Er:YAG laser on dental hard substances, part I: measurement of the ablation rate. Lasers Surg Med. 9(4): 338-44. 1989.
[19]	De Moor RJ, Blanken J, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 2: evaluation of the efficacy. Lasers Surg Med. 41(7): 520-523. 2009.
[20]	Arnabat J, Escribano C, Fenosa A, Vinuesa T, Gay-Escoda C, Berini L etal. Bactericidal activity of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser in root canals. Lasers Med Sci. 25(6): 805-810. 2010.
[21]	Ulrich Schoop, Kawe Goharkhay, Johannes Klimscha, Manuela Zagler, Johann Wernisch, Apostolos Georgopoulos, Wolfgang Sperr, Andreas Moritz. The use of the erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium-gallium-garnet lasers in endodontic treatment The results of an in vitro study. JADA. 138(7): 949-55. 2007.
[22]	C. M. Sedgley, S. L. Lennan, O. K. Appelbe: Survival of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals ex vivo. International Endodontic Journal. 38: 735-42. 2005.
[23]	Garcez AS, Núñez SC, Lage-Marques JL, Jorge AOC, and Ribeiro MS: Efficiency of NaOCl and laser-assisted photosensitization on the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 102(4): 93-98. 2006.
[24]	U. Schoop, A. Barylyak, K. Goharkhay, F. Beer, J. Wernisch, A. Georgopoulos, W. Sperr, A. Moritz: The impact of an erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser with radial-firing tips on endodontic treatment. Lasers Med Sci. 2007.
[25]	Sundqvist G. Taxonomy, ecology and pathogenicity of the root canal flora. Oral Surg Oral med Oral Pathol. 78: 522-530. 1994.
[26]	Nair PN, Sjogren U, Krey G, Kahnberg KE, Sundqvist G. Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: A long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study. J Endod. 16(12): 580-588. 1990.
[27]	Schoop U, Kluger W, Moritz A, Nedjelik N, Georgopoulos A, Sperr W. Bactericidal effect of different laser systems in the deep layers of dentin. Lasers Surg Med. 35: 111-116. 2004.
[28]	Love RM. Enterococcus faecalis-a mechanism for its role in endodontic failure. International Endodontic Journal. 34, 399-405. 2001.
[29]	Gomes BP, Pinheiro ET, Sousa EL, et al. Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals detected by culture and bypolymerase chain reactin analysis. Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics. 102, 247-53. 2006.
[30]	Nakajo K, Komori R, Ishikawa S, et al. Resistance to acidic and alkaline environments int he endodontic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. Oral Microbiology and Immunology. 21, 283-8. 2006.
[31]	Fabricius L, Dahlen G, Sundqvist G, Happonen RP, Moller AJ. Influence of residual bacteria on periapical tissue healing after chemo-mechanical treatment and root filling of experimentally infected monkey teeth. Eur J Oral Sci. 114: 278-285. 2006.
[32]	Haapasalo M, Orstavik D. In vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules. J Dent Res. 66: 1375-1379. 1987.
[33]	Love RM. Enterococcus faecalis—a mechanism for its role in endodontic failure. Int Endod J. 34: 399-405. 2001.
[34]	Brown DC, Moore BK, Brown CE Jr, Newton CW. An in vitro study of apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite during endodontic canal preparation. J Endod. 21: 587-591. 1995.
[35]	Barbakow FH, Cleaton- Jones PE, Friedman D. Endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical radiolucent areas in a general dental practice. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 51: 552-59. 1981.
[36]	Eldeniz AU, Ozer F, Hadimli HH, Erganis O. Bactericidal efficacy of Er,Cr: YSGG laser irradiation against Enterococcus faecalis compared with NaOCI irrigation: an ex vivo pilot study. Int Endod J. 40(2): 112-9.
[37]	René Franzen, Marcella Esteves-Oliveira, Jörg Meister, Anja Wallerang, Leon Vanweersch, Friedrich Lampert & Norbert Gutknecht. Decontamination of deep dentin by means of erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser irradiation. Lasers Med Sci. 24: 75-80. 2009.
[38]	Lizarelli Rde F, Bagnato VS. Micro-morphological analisys of enamel and dentin exposed to picosecond-pulsed Nd: YAG laser [in Portuguese]. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 16(3): 227-33. 2002.
[39]	Jha D, Guerrero A, Ngo T, Helfer A, Hasselgren G. Inability of laser and rotary instrumentation to eliminate root canal infection. JADA. 137(1): 67-70. 2006.
[40]	Wang QQ, Zhang CF, Yin, XZ. Evaluation of the bactericidal effect of Er,Cr:YSGG and Nd:YAG lasers in experimentally infected root canals. J Endod. 33: 830-832. 2007.
[41]	Castelo-Baz P, Martín-Biedma B, Ruíz-Piñón M, Rivas-Mundiña B, Bahillo J, Perez-Estévez A, Gude F, De Moor R, Varela-Patiño P. Combined Sodium Hypochlorite and 940nm Diode Laser Treatment Against Mature E.faecalis Biofilms in vitro. J Lasers Med Sci. 3(3): 116-21. 2012.
[42]	Sedgley CM. The influence of root canal sealer on extended intracanal survival of Enterococcus Faecalis with and without gelatinase production ability in obturated root canals. J Endod. 33: 561-6. 2007.
[43]	Su-Jung Shin, Sang-Wook Jee, Jin-Seon Song, Il-Young Jung, Jeong-Heon Cha, Euiseong Kim: Comparison of regrowth of Enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules after sealing with gutta-percha or Resilon. Journal of Endodontics (Impact Factor: 2.93). 34(4): 445-8. 2008.